EMPLOYMENT SITUATION IN INDIA 2020
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Employment Situation In India 2020 |
A significant change in inequality in income and wealth is possible only in a longer term perspective. term perspective. Employment structure of an economy is the normal instrument that can cause a change in inequality either way, i.e. an increase or a decrease in the inequality.
Other economic instruments such as target group policies and programmes have a short term impact, but the redistribution through Employment is sustainable. Since the governments function within the administrative and fiscal constraints, the target group programmes normally have a marginal impact on income redistribution.
Income of labour enables flow of resources across income classes of people and across the social and ethnic groups. Flows of income across locations are influenced both by assets available and by other modes of creating Employment opportunities.
However, income generated by Employment of migrant labour, facilitates flow of resources across regions for a given regional distribution of capital assets.Employment and equity of income across classes of people and across regions are, therefore, closely related to each other in the long term.
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Current Employment and Unemployment Situation
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| Employment Situation In India 2020 |
As noted earlier any vision of the future has to be rooted in the current reality and policies and processes have to be identified to bridge the gap between the current reality and the future vision.
It is , therefore, essential to have an understanding of the broad Employment picture as it exists today, which would also indicate the directions for improvement in future. Some aspects of the current Employment scenario are listed below –
1. 7.32 % of the labour force, in the year 1999-2000, was unemployed. In absolute terms the number of unemployed stood at 26.58 million.
2. Since the above estimates are on Current Daily Status basis, the number of unemployed also includes the number of those who are underemployed in terms of under utilization of the labour time. But it excludes such under employed who are working at very low levels of income and productivity.
3. Among the employed, the proportion of poor is as high as in the population at large, suggesting a large proportion of workers engaged in subsistence Employment.
4. Only about 8 % of the total Employment is in organized sector. More than 90 % are engaged in informal sector activities, which is, largely outside the reach of any social direction.
STRUCTURE OF ECONOMY
Input of labour in production process depends upon technology used, and technology used varies across the industries. Traditional agriculture is more labour intensive than the modern manufacturing industries.
With the modernization of economy, share of agriculture in workforce reduces due to two factors; food demand grows at a much slower pace at high levels of income, which moderates the demand for food-grains.
Secondly, the technology used in agriculture, at higher yield levels is much less labour absorbing than traditional agriculture.
Agriculture absorbed 65 to 70 per cent of workforce between the years 1991 and 2001 as per demographic Census.
At all India level the proportion of workers getting work in agriculture came down by 9 percentage points between 1991 and 2001.
In some of the States the number of agricultural workers in 2001 is less than in 1991. These substantial shifts in ability of agriculture to absorb labour are also confirmed by the NSSO survey on Employment – 55th Round (1999-2000) Dependence on agriculture.
EMPLOYMENT SITUATION IS VERY CRITICAL AS COMPARED TO LAST 15 YEARS
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Employment Situation In India 2020 |
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